The make directory
All car makes
Choose a manufacturer to explore the models covered here. Historical depth, year guides, configurations, photographs and sources vary by nameplate.
426 makes
Find your manufacturer
Search the entire directory
Search by make or model, then narrow the directory by origin, production status, or the depth of research available.
426makes shown
Each result opens that make's model directory.
No matching manufacturers
Try a broader name or clear one of the filters.
A
Abarth
Italy's Scorpion brand — Carlo Abarth's legendary performance house, builder of rally champions and hot Fiat 500s, now Stellantis's performance arm.
AC
Britain's oldest active car maker — from Edwardian cyclecars and the Weller overhead-cam six to the 1950s Ace roadster and the legendary Ford-V8 Cobra built with Carroll Shelby.
Acura
Honda's luxury and performance division — the first Japanese premium marque, launched in 1986 with the Legend and Integra and still headlined today by the MDX, RDX, and revived Integra.
Adler
Frankfurt's eagle-badged marque (1900–1957) — pioneer of front-wheel drive in Germany, celebrated for the Trumpf's Le Mans outings and the hydraulic-braked Standard 6.
Aero
Czechoslovak aircraft maker turned automaker (1929–1947) — built lightweight two-stroke roadsters and sedans in Prague before nationalisation ended production.
Aiways
Chinese EV startup (2017–2024) that became the first fully Chinese brand to officially sell electric cars in Europe, built on two models before financial collapse ended its domestic operations.
Aixam
France's leading quadricycle maker since 1983 — two-seat diesel and electric microcars built in Aix-les-Bains, no standard licence required in many EU markets.
Alfa Romeo
Milan's century-old sports-car maker — racing DNA, twin-cam engines, and the four-leaf Quadrifoglio badge, from the 1962 Giulia Ti to today's Stelvio SUV.
Allard
London-built sports and racing cars (1945–1958) — Sydney Allard's formula of American V8 muscle in a lightweight British chassis produced Le Mans and Monte Carlo winners.
Alpine
France's iconic Dieppe-born sports-car maker — the rally-winning Berlinette A110, a 40-year hiatus, and a triumphant 2017 revival.
Alpina
Bavaria's elite BMW transformer — hand-building grand tourers and sport sedans since 1965 that out-refine M cars while matching their performance.
Alvis
British luxury and sporting car maker from Coventry (1919–1967), famed for the vintage 12/50, the six-cylinder Speed 20/25, and a graceful post-war 3-litre line before car production ended.
Amilcar
French lightweight sports-car marque (1921–1940) celebrated for its nimble CGS 'Grand Sport' and pioneering front-wheel-drive Compound.
AMC (American Motors)
America's scrappy fourth automaker (1954–1988) — born of the Nash–Hudson merger, home of the Javelin, AMX, Gremlin, Pacer, and the crossover-pioneering Eagle.
Anadol
Turkey's first mass-produced domestic car (1966–1991) — fiberglass bodies, Ford mechanicals, and a string of world firsts from Istanbul's Otosan factory.
Aion
GAC's pure-electric brand — China's third-largest BEV maker by 2023, best known for the Aion S sedan and Aion Y crossover.
Apollo
Germany's track-obsessed hypercar maker — born as Gumpert in 2004, reborn as Apollo in 2016, producing ultra-limited supercars built around the philosophy that road cars should lap Nürburgring faster than race cars.
Apperson
Defunct Kokomo, Indiana marque (1901–1926) founded by brothers Elmer and Edgar Apperson after they left Haynes-Apperson — famous for the 'Jack Rabbit' speedster, often called America's first commercially built sports car.
Arash
Newmarket, Suffolk hypercar micro-manufacturer — founded by Arash Farboud in 1999, known for hand-built supercars with American V8 muscle and a hybrid AF10 claiming over 2,000 hp.
Ariel
Tiny British performance-car maker in Crewkerne, Somerset — builder of the exoskeletal Atom track car and the off-road Nomad, around 100 cars a year.
Armstrong Siddeley
Coventry luxury-car and aero-engine maker (1919–1960) — 'As silent as the Sphinx', and the first British marque to launch all-new models after WWII.
ARO
Romania's rugged 4x4 maker (1957–2006) — the ARO 24 and compact ARO 10 conquered export markets from China to Colombia before bankruptcy ended a 49-year run.
Ashok Leyland
India's second-largest commercial vehicle maker — from the iconic Comet truck of 1954 to the electric Circuit bus and the modular AVTR platform, powering the subcontinent's roads for over 75 years.
Asia Motors
Gwangju-based South Korean automaker (1965–1999) — a Kia subsidiary best known for the Rocsta compact 4x4, exported worldwide before the brand was absorbed after Hyundai's Kia buyout.
Aston Martin
Britain's pre-eminent grand-touring marque (founded 1913) — maker of the DB-series GTs, James Bond's DB5, and today's DB12, Vantage, and DBX.
ATS
Ill-fated Italian constructor (1963–1965) born from the Ferrari Palace Revolution — builders of the pioneering mid-engine 2500 GT and a Formula One car in the same single season.
Auburn
Defunct Indiana marque (c.1900–1937) of the Cord empire — famous for the supercharged 851/852 boat-tail Speedster, one of the most beautiful American cars ever built.
Audi
Germany's quattro-drive premium marque — from the pioneering Ur-Quattro rally car to the A4, R8, and the electric e-tron era.
Aurus
Russia's state-backed ultra-luxury marque — born from the Kremlin motorcade programme, producing the Senat presidential sedan and Komendant SUV in tiny volumes.
Austin
British mass-market marque founded by Herbert Austin at Longbridge in 1905 — maker of the Austin 7 and the original Mini, later folded into BMC and British Leyland and retired in 1987.
Autobianchi
Italy's premium-niche small-car specialist (1955–1995) — a Fiat Group incubator that pioneered fibreglass bodies, the transverse front-wheel-drive layout, and the modern hot hatch.
Auto Union
The four-ring German conglomerate (1932–1969) — creator of the mid-engine Silver Arrow Grand Prix cars and the DKW-branded two-stroke road cars that seeded modern Audi.
Autozam
Mazda's domestic kei-and-compact sub-brand (1989–1998) — remembered for the gullwing AZ-1 micro sports car and the influential Carol kei car.
Avatr
Chongqing-based luxury EV brand backed by Changan Automobile and CATL, pairing Huawei smart-cockpit technology with high-performance battery-electric and range-extended drivetrains.
B
BAC
Liverpool-based boutique manufacturer of the single-seat, road-legal Mono supercar — Britain's most extreme street-legal track weapon, exported to 47 countries.
Bahman Group
Iran's long-running licensed assembler — Mazda's partner for six decades before sanctions forced a Chinese-brand pivot, now offering SUVs and pickups from Jetour, Haval, and Zhongxing.
BAIC
China's sixth-largest automaker, heir to the 1958 Beijing Automobile Works — maker of the iconic BJ212 military jeep, the Wrangler-rivaling BJ40, and the premium Arcfox EV line.
Bajaj
India's iconic two- and three-wheeler giant — home of the Chetak scooter, the Pulsar sport-commuter, and the world's best-selling auto-rickshaw platform.
Baojun
SAIC-GM-Wuling's affordable Chinese marque — best known for the blockbuster 510 SUV and a growing line of low-cost electric city cars.
Bentley
Britain's grand-touring marque — W. O. Bentley's 1920s Le Mans winners, decades as Rolls-Royce's sister brand, now a Volkswagen Group luxury maker built around the Continental GT and Bentayga.
Berkeley
British GRP microcar maker (1956–1960) — Lawrie Bond's front-wheel-drive sports roadsters built on motorcycle engines, with ~4,100 made before the company collapsed.
Berliet
Lyon-based pioneer that built passenger cars from 1899 to 1939 before pivoting to trucks — supplying 25,000 vehicles to the French army in WWI and ending its car era with the elegant Dauphine.
Bertone
Turin's most prolific coachbuilder and design house — creators of the Lamborghini Miura and Countach, the Lancia Stratos, the Fiat X1/9, and a century of landmark Italian automotive art.
Bignan
Short-lived French marque (1918–1931) from Courbevoie, best remembered for a third-place finish at the inaugural 1923 Le Mans 24 Hours with the desmodromic-valve 11CV.
Bizzarrini
Livorno supercar maker founded by ex-Ferrari engineer Giotto Bizzarrini (1964–1969), revived in 2020 — creator of the Le Mans class-winning 5300 GT.
BMW
The Bavarian maker of 'the Ultimate Driving Machine' — rear-drive sport sedans, M cars, and roadsters since 1916.
Bollinger
American electric-truck startup (2015–2025) founded by Robert Bollinger — known for the rugged B1 SUV and B2 pickup prototypes and the Class 4 commercial B4, its only production vehicle.
Bolwell
Melbourne's fibreglass sports-car maker (1962–1979) — from backyard specials to the Ford V8-powered Nagari, Australia's fifth-largest vehicle manufacturer of its era.
Bond
Preston-built British microcar maker (1949–1974) — from the austere three-wheeled Minicar to the cult wedge-shaped Bug, with a Triumph-based sports car in between.
Borgward
Bremen-based German automaker (1929–1961) whose elegant Isabella sedan defined West German post-war premium motoring before a controversial 1961 bankruptcy ended the marque.
Brabham
Australian supercar revivalist (2018–2024) — David Brabham's homage to his father's F1 legacy, producing the track-only BT62 hypercar in a limited run of 70.
Brabus
Bottrop's bespoke Mercedes-Benz tuner — founded 1977, builder of record-setting 700–900 hp small-series cars from the Rocket to the Widestar G-Class.
Brennabor
Germany's largest car producer in the mid-1920s — a Brandenburg firm that rose from bicycles to 8,200 automobiles a year before the Depression ended its run in 1933.
Bricklin
Malcolm Bricklin's short-lived sports-car venture (1974–1976) — the gull-winged, Canadian-built SV-1 was its only car before the company collapsed into receivership.
Brilliance
Shenyang's state-owned automaker — the Zhonghua sedans and SUVs for China, Jinbei vans that once commanded 75 % of the domestic light-bus market, and a BMW joint venture that localises 3- and 5-Series production.
Bristol
Secretive British maker of hand-built luxury GTs (1945–2011) — from BMW-derived straight-six saloons to Chrysler-V8 grand tourers and, finally, a Viper V10 supercar, all built in tiny numbers at Filton.
BSA
British arms-to-motorcycles conglomerate that built cars in three eras (1907–1940) — pioneers of front-wheel drive in the Scout sports car.
Brush
Brass-era Michigan startup (1907–1913) whose cheap, wooden-framed Runabout was one of the most affordable cars in America before the Model T swept the segment.
Bufori
Malaysia's hand-built neo-classic luxury marque — carbon-fibre 1930s-inspired roadsters and grand tourers, each made to order in Kuala Lumpur.
Bugatti
Ettore Bugatti's art-meets-engineering marque (1909–1956) — creator of the Type 35 Grand Prix legend, the Royale, and the peerless Type 57 Atlantic.
Buick
America's oldest active car brand — the marque General Motors was built around in 1908 — known for premium near-luxury cars, the Riviera, the turbocharged Grand National, and a now SUV-only lineup.
BYD
China's EV giant — from its first petrol sedan (the F3) to the world-beating Blade-battery Han and the Dynasty and Ocean series that now outsell Tesla globally in plug-in vehicles.
Byton
Chinese-German EV startup (2016–2023) — co-founded by ex-BMW and Nissan executives, known for the 48-inch in-car display concept; went bankrupt before a single car reached public sale.
C
Cadillac
General Motors' flagship American luxury marque — founded in Detroit in 1902, long the 'Standard of the World,' home of the Eldorado, DeVille, and Escalade.
Canoo
American EV startup (2017–2025) built on a steer-by-wire 'skateboard' platform — its pod-shaped Lifestyle Vehicle was the only model to reach production before Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Caparo
British boutique manufacturer founded by ex-McLaren F1 engineers, builders of the T1 — a 575 bhp, road-legal two-seat supercar inspired by Formula One — before collapsing in 2015 after just 15 cars.
Caterham
British maker of featherweight sports cars — keeper of the Lotus Seven since 1973, building the back-to-basics Caterham Seven for over five decades.
Chalmers
A Detroit automaker (1908–1923) founded by salesman Hugh Chalmers — maker of the durable 'Thirty' and the Six-30 before being absorbed by Maxwell into what became Chrysler.
Changan
One of China's four largest automaker groups — born from an 1862 arsenal, now producing millions of vehicles a year across sedans, SUVs, and electric models.
Checker
The American taxicab builder of Kalamazoo, Michigan (1922–1982) — maker of the unmistakable Marathon 'yellow cab,' whose all-but-unchanged body defined the look of the American taxi for two decades.
Chenard-Walcker
Pioneer French marque (1899–1946) that won the very first Le Mans 24 Hours in 1923 and was once the fourth-largest carmaker in France.
Chery
China's most prolific car exporter — a state-born independent that grew from a SEAT Toledo copy into a global brand spanning the Tiggo SUV line, Arrizo sedans, and electric newcomers.
Chevrolet
GM's high-volume American brand, founded in 1911 by Louis Chevrolet and William Durant — maker of the Corvette, Camaro, and Silverado.
Chrysler
American marque founded by Walter P. Chrysler in 1925 — pioneer of the Airflow, the 300 'letter cars', and the modern minivan, today a brand of Stellantis.
Citroën
France's most daring automaker — inventor of the mass-produced front-wheel-drive car, creator of the revolutionary DS, and a century-long champion of hydropneumatic suspension and radical engineering.
Cisitalia
Turin's most beautiful footnote (1946–1963) — Piero Dusio's short-lived marque whose Pininfarina-designed 202 GT lives in MoMA's permanent collection as sculpture.
Clan
Tiny British maker (1971–1973) founded by ex-Lotus engineers — one model, the fibreglass Crusader, roughly 315 road cars built before the Oil Crisis closed the doors.
Connaught
Surrey-built British racing cars (1949–1959) — the Type B's 1955 Syracuse victory, driven by Tony Brooks, was the first win in a Continental European Grand Prix by a British car since 1924.
Continental
Ford's short-lived ultra-luxury marque (1955–1960), positioned above Lincoln — home of the hand-built Continental Mark II.
Cord
A short-lived American luxury marque (1929–1937) that pioneered front-wheel drive and pop-up headlights — two models, both design icons.
Crosley
Powel Crosley Jr.'s tiny-car company (1939–1952) — maker of America's first post-war sports car and the first American four-wheel disc brakes.
Cunningham
The 'American Rolls-Royce' — ultra-luxury, hand-built cars from a Rochester, NY carriage maker (autos from 1907), an early American V8 pioneer and favorite of 1920s Hollywood stars and tycoons.
Cupra
Spain's performance-bred standalone marque — spun out of SEAT by Volkswagen Group in 2018, now blending hot-hatch DNA with electrified crossovers.
Czinger
Los Angeles hypercar startup that rewrote production norms: the 21C — an 1,250 hp, 3D-printed, human-AI-designed hybrid capped at 80 units — set lap records at Laguna Seca, Circuit of the Americas, and Goodwood.
D
Dacia
Romania's national automaker — founded in 1966, revived under Renault ownership in 1999, now Europe's best-selling value brand behind the Logan, Sandero, and Duster.
DAF
Eindhoven's pioneering Dutch automaker (1928–1975) — inventor of the belt-driven Variomatic CVT, absorbed by Volvo in 1975 after producing six generations of clutch-free family cars.
Daihatsu
Japan's kei-car specialist — founded in 1907, a Toyota subsidiary since 2016 — best known for the Charade, Mira, Move, and Copen.
Daimler
Britain's oldest car marque (Coventry, cars from 1897) and royal-warrant carmaker — independent, then BSA, then a Jaguar luxury sub-brand until the last Daimler-badged cars ended in 2009.
Dallara
Italy's foremost racing-chassis constructor — sole IndyCar supplier, F2/F3 chassis builder, and creator of the featherweight Stradale road car.
Darracq
French pioneer marque (1896–1920) from Suresnes — set the 1905 world land-speed record with a 200 hp V8, then built the Flying Fifteen that captured ten percent of the French market.
Daewoo
South Korea's once-ambitious automaker — from GM-licensed compacts to Giugiaro-styled originals, until GM absorbed it in 2002 and retired the Daewoo name in 2011.
Datsun
Japan's original budget-car export brand — home of the iconic 240Z, the cult-classic 510, and a generation of beloved compact trucks before merging into Nissan in 1986.
Davis
Glenn Gordon 'Gary' Davis's short-lived Van Nuys carmaker (1947–1948), maker of the three-wheeled Davis Divan before collapsing in a celebrated fraud case.
De Dion-Bouton
Pioneer French manufacturer (1883–1932) — once the world's largest automaker, inventor of the De Dion tube axle, and builder of the first mass-produced V8 engine.
Deepal
Changan Automobile's standalone EV brand — launched 2022, offering BEV and EREV sedans and SUVs with deep Huawei technology integration.
Delage
French luxury and racing marque (1905–1953) — 1927 Grand Prix World Champions and creators of the coachbuilt D8 straight-eight for royalty and heads of state.
Delahaye
French luxury and racing marque (1894–1954) — the coachbuilt Type 135 won Le Mans in 1938 and defined prewar French elegance before Hotchkiss ended production.
DeLorean
John DeLorean's short-lived automaker (1975–1982) — maker of the single stainless-steel, gull-winged DeLorean (DMC-12), built in Northern Ireland and immortalized by Back to the Future.
Denza
China's premium EV marque born from a BYD–Daimler joint venture in 2010 — now wholly BYD-owned, with the D9 minivan, Z9 GT fastback, and a fast-growing global footprint.
DeSoto
Chrysler's mid-price division (1928–1961) — from the record-setting DeSoto Six and streamlined Airflow to the finned, Hemi-powered Fireflite and Adventurer of the Forward Look era.
De Tomaso
Modena's Argentine-born boutique — Alejandro de Tomaso's Ford-powered mid-engine supercars, led by the iconic Pantera, with the revived brand returning in 2019 with the P72.
Devel
Dubai-based hypercar startup (est. 2013) behind the 5,000-hp Devel Sixteen concept and the Sixty 6×6 super-SUV — among the most extreme vehicle claims ever made.
Diatto
Turin coachbuilder turned automaker (1905–1929) — best known for the Tipo 20 roadster that launched Alfieri Maserati's racing career and seeded the Maserati marque.
DINA
Mexico's state-founded heavy-vehicle maker (1951–present) — builder of the iconic Olímpico intercity coach, heavy-duty trucks, and the modern Linner/Runner urban bus line.
DKW
German pioneer of front-wheel drive and two-stroke motoring (1916–1966) — once the world's largest motorcycle maker, later the backbone of the Auto Union four-ring badge.
Dodge
An American performance-focused brand founded by the Dodge Brothers in 1900, known for muscle cars, Hemi V8s, and trucks.
Donkervoort
Dutch handbuilt ultra-lightweight roadster maker — a Lotus Seven heir that evolved into the Audi-powered D8 GTO and, in 2022, the 500 hp F22 supercar.
Dongfeng
China's 'East Wind' state automaker — founded 1969 as a military truck maker, now spanning the Aeolus, Voyah EV, and M-Hero luxury off-road brands.
DS Automobiles
France's dedicated premium-luxury marque, spun off from Citroën in 2014 — a Stellantis brand that blends Parisian style with electrified powertrains.
Duesenberg
America's most exalted prewar marque (Indianapolis, 1920–1937) — racing champions who built the mighty Model J and supercharged SJ, the most powerful and expensive American cars of the Classic era. ('It's a Duesy.')
Durant
William Durant's post-GM independent (1921–1932) — an assembled car in two distinct eras that aimed squarely at Buick and Chevrolet before the Depression ended it.
E
Eagle
Chrysler's short-lived enthusiast brand (1988–1998), born from the AMC purchase — home of the turbo-AWD Talon and the cab-forward Vision sedan.
Edsel
Ford's ill-fated 1958–1960 marque — named after Edsel Ford and infamous for its 'horse-collar' grille, it became a byword for a product-launch disaster.
Efini
Mazda's short-lived Japanese luxury sub-brand (1991–1997) — best known for badging the iconic FD-generation RX-7 and producing the unique MS-8 hardtop sedan.
EMW
East German successor to BMW's Eisenach plant (1945–1955) — pre-war BMW designs reborn under a red-and-white roundel in the Soviet occupation zone.
Equus Automotive
Ultra-exclusive American boutique marque (est. 2008, Rochester Hills MI) — hand-building retro-muscle coupes and Corvette-based specials that take over 5,000 man-hours each.
Essex
American automaker (1918–1932) — Hudson's lower-priced companion brand that popularized the affordable closed car and reached third in US sales by 1929 before becoming the Terraplane.
Eterniti
A London-based luxury startup (2010–2014) that coined the term 'Super-SUV' with its Porsche Cayenne-based, 591-hp Artemis — dissolved before production could scale.
Eunos
Mazda's upscale Japanese sub-brand (1989–1996) — home of the Eunos Roadster (the original MX-5 Miata) and the three-rotor Cosmo, the world's first production car with GPS navigation.
F
Facel Vega
France's most glamorous postwar marque (1954–1964) — hand-built grand tourers with Chrysler V8 power, owned by Picasso, Sinatra, and Stirling Moss, undone by a fatally flawed in-house engine.
Fang Cheng Bao
BYD's performance off-road sub-brand — launched in 2023 with the PHEV Bao 5, rapidly expanding into full-size SUVs, compact EVs, and a supercar.
Faraday Future
A California EV startup founded in 2014 by Jia Yueting — known for the FFZERO1 concept and the long-delayed, ultra-premium FF 91 crossover that finally began deliveries in 2023.
FAW
China's first automaker, founded in 1953 — maker of the iconic Hongqi state limousines and the Bestune passenger-car lineup.
Ferrari
Maranello's legendary supercar maker — from Enzo Ferrari's 1947 V12 to today's hybrid hypercars, the Prancing Horse defines automotive passion.
Fiat
Italy's iconic mass-market automaker — founded in Turin in 1899, home of the original Nuova 500, and builder of some of the most influential small cars in automotive history.
Fisker
Designer Henrik Fisker's twice-failed US electric-car marque — maker of the Karma plug-in hybrid (2011–2012) and the all-electric Ocean SUV (2023–2024).
FN
Belgium's longest-lived car maker (1899–1935) — Herstal's Fabrique Nationale built refined pre-war tourers alongside its famous firearms, earning class wins at Spa and a Coupe des Alpes.
Ford
The American pioneer of mass-production manufacturing, founded by Henry Ford in 1903.
Force Motors
India's largest van maker — founded in 1958 as Bajaj Tempo and rebranded Force Motors in 2005, building the iconic Traveller light-commercial van, the off-road Gurkha SUV, and a range of utility and commercial vehicles.
Foton
China's commercial-vehicle giant — founded 1996, now the world's top-selling CV brand spanning heavy trucks, vans, buses, and the Tunland pickup across 110+ countries.
FPV
Ford Australia's factory performance arm (2002–2014) — builder of Boss V8 GT sedans and turbocharged F6 rockets, all on the Falcon platform.
Franklin
Syracuse, New York's air-cooled luxury maker (1902–1934) — America's leading air-cooled marque, first to a production six and the only builder of an air-cooled V12, ended by the Depression.
Frazer
Short-lived American premium marque (1947–1951) — the upmarket brand of Kaiser-Frazer, named for company president Joseph W. Frazer and home of the last prewar-tradition four-door convertible.
Frazer Nash
Tiny British marque (1922–1957) best known for its unique chain-drive sports cars and the post-war Le Mans Replica — a Bristol-engined BMW 328 successor that won at Sebring and the Targa Florio.
FSM
Poland's state-owned small-car factory (1971–1992) — builder of the beloved 'maluch' Polski Fiat 126p and the last Syrenas, before Fiat took control in 1992.
FSO
Poland's state-owned passenger car factory (1948–2011) — built the Warszawa, the beloved Polski Fiat 125p, and the long-lived Polonez hatchback.
G
GAC
China's state-owned Guangzhou Automobile Group — operator of the Trumpchi and Aion own brands, spanning fuel-efficient SUVs and MPVs to some of China's best-selling electric vehicles.
Gardner
Defunct St. Louis assembled-car maker (1919–1931) — Lycoming-engined fours gave way to prestige straight-eights before fierce Big Three competition and the Depression ended the marque.
GAZ
Russia's historic Gorky Automobile Plant — maker of the iconic Volga, the opulent Chaika, and the ubiquitous GAZelle van since 1932.
Geely
China's pioneering private automaker — from budget sedans to Volvo-influenced flagships, now a global player that also owns Volvo, Polestar, and Zeekr.
Genesis
South Korea's first luxury marque — spun off from Hyundai in 2015, Genesis quickly earned critical acclaim with the G70, GV80, and an expanding electric lineup.
Geo
GM's captive-import sub-brand (1989–1997) — Suzuki-, Toyota-, and Isuzu-sourced small cars sold through Chevrolet dealers, including the iconic high-mpg Metro.
Ghia
Turin's most glamorous coachbuilder (1916–1970s) — designer of the Karmann Ghia, the Dual-Ghia, and a decade of Chrysler dream cars before Ford acquired the studio in 1970.
Gilbern
Wales's only indigenous car manufacturer — a plucky fibreglass-bodied 2+2 maker that produced the GT, Genie, and Invader before closing in 1973.
Gillet
Belgian hand-built supercar marque founded in 1992 by Tony Gillet — creator of the ultra-lightweight, carbon-chassis Vertigo.
Ginetta
British specialist builder of racing and road sports cars since 1958 — from the iconic G4 kit car to the GT4-dominating G50 and GT3-class G55.
Glas
Bavarian microcar pioneer (1955–1969) — creator of the beloved Goggomobil and the Frua-styled GT coupés before BMW took over in 1966.
GM Korea
General Motors' South Korean subsidiary — born from the 2002 acquisition of Daewoo Motor, and the birthplace of global GM compacts from the Spark and Cruze to the Trax and Trailblazer.
GMC
General Motors' truck and utility division since 1911 — pickups, SUVs, and vans, sold upmarket of Chevrolet and topped by the Denali sub-brand.
Goliath
Bremen microcar pioneer of the Borgward group (1928–1961) — builder of the GP700, one of the world's first fuel-injected production cars.
Graham-Paige
American automaker (1928–1940) founded by the three Graham brothers on the bones of Paige-Detroit — known for the streamlined Blue Streak and its pioneering low-cost supercharger.
Great Wall Motors
China's largest SUV and pickup-truck maker — builder of the Haval H6 (China's SUV sales leader for 103 consecutive months) and operator of the Haval, Wey, Ora, Tank, and Poer sub-brands.
GTA Motor
Valencia-based supercar boutique (1994–c.2016) that produced the GTA Spano — Spain's most powerful road car, built on a carbon-titanium-Kevlar monocoque with a twin-turbo Viper V10.
Gumpert
Niche German supercar maker (2004–2013) founded by ex-Audi Sport director Roland Gumpert — creator of the Apollo, a 650–800 hp twin-turbo V8 hypercar equally at home on road or track.
Gurgel
Brazil's most ambitious independent automaker (1969–1996) — builders of fiberglass off-roaders, the Plasteel Xavante, and the BR-800, the first wholly Brazilian-engineered car.
H
Hanomag
Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG — German industrial giant that built locomotives and farm machinery before producing the iconic Kommissbrot economy car (1925–1928) and the diesel-pioneering Rekord (1933–1940).
Hansa
Defunct Bremen marque (1905–1939) — from electric carriages and Weimar-era luxury eights to the Borgward-era all-steel Hansa 1100 small car.
Haval
Great Wall Motor's SUV-only sub-brand — home of the H6, China's best-selling SUV for a decade, now spanning rugged off-roaders, hybrid crossovers, and the lifestyle-oriented Jolion.
Haynes
American automaker from Kokomo, Indiana (1894–1924) — Elwood Haynes' 1894 'Pioneer' was one of the first US gasoline cars; the marque went on to build the Light Six and one of America's earliest V12s before failing in the postwar recession.
Healey
Warwickshire hand-builder of Riley-powered sports cars (1946–1954) — Donald Healey's independent marque before the Austin-Healey era.
Heinkel
German aircraft-maker turned microcar builder (1956–1958) — creator of the bubble-canopy Kabine, one of the defining Wirtschaftswunder microcars.
Hennessey
John Hennessey's Texas performance house (founded 1991) — tuner of Vipers and Raptors turned hypercar maker of the record-setting Venom GT and 300-mph Venom F5.
Henry J
Kaiser-Frazer's pioneering low-cost American compact (1950–1954) — one of the first post-war economy cars, famously austere, and a predecessor to the compact-car wave of the 1960s.
Hillman
A British marque from Coventry (1907–1976) — a Rootes Group, then Chrysler, stalwart best known for the Minx, the rear-engined Imp, and the rally-winning Hunter.
Hindustan Motors
India's pioneer automaker (1942–2014) — creator of the iconic Ambassador, the car that carried a nation for over five decades.
Hino
Toyota's truck-and-bus arm — a Japanese commercial-vehicle maker founded in 1942 that briefly built iconic small cars before concentrating on the Ranger, Profia, and Blue Ribbon.
HiPhi
China's ultra-premium EV startup (Human Horizons / EV Electra) — known for gull-wing doors and programmable LED displays; paused production in 2024, revived under EV Electra in 2025.
Hispano-Suiza
Spain's most storied luxury marque — founded 1904 by Marc Birkigt, creator of the world's first sports car and the finest pre-war grands routiers, now revived as a Barcelona-built electric hypercar brand.
Holden
Australia's own car — General Motors' local subsidiary from 1931, builder of the Commodore and Monaro, retired by GM in 2021 after 164 years.
Honda
Japanese maker famed for efficient engines, VTEC performance, and bulletproof reliability across cars, trucks, and motorcycles.
Hongqi
China's oldest and most storied car brand — born as Mao's state limousine in 1958, revived under FAW in the 1990s, and reborn as a modern luxury marque from 2018.
Horch
Germany's pre-war luxury marque (1899–1940) — creator of the country's first production straight-eight and the iconic 853 Sport Cabriolet; a founding pillar of Auto Union.
Hotchkiss
A French luxury and sporting marque (1903–1955) born from an arms factory — six-time Monte Carlo Rally winner and builder of finely engineered touring cars.
HSV
Holden's official performance division (1987–2021) — builders of the Commodore-based ClubSport, GTS, and the record-setting Maloo ute, tuned in Clayton, Victoria.
Hudson
Detroit independent automaker (1909–1957) — maker of the 1916 Super Six, the Depression-era Terraplane, and the NASCAR-dominating 'step-down' Hornet, before merging into AMC.
Humber
British marque from Coventry, building cars from 1898 — the upmarket make of the Rootes Group, known for the dignified Hawk and Super Snipe before being shelved in 1976.
Hummer
The civilian Humvee made road-legal — AM General's off-road brand (1992–2010), bought by GM in 1999 and reborn for 2022 as the electric GMC Hummer EV.
Hupmobile
Detroit's Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940) — pioneer of the all-steel body, peak producer of 65,000 cars in 1928, and author of the Cord-bodied Skylark that closed 31 years and 561,664 vehicles.
Hyundai
South Korea's largest automaker — a value-brand newcomer that became a global power, now spanning the Elantra, Tucson, and the electric Ioniq line.
I
ICON
Los Angeles restomod house founded by Jonathan Ward in 2007 — hand-building modernised FJ40 Land Cruisers, classic Broncos, and vintage Chevy pickups with bespoke powertrains and US-made parts.
IFA
East Germany's state vehicle conglomerate (1948–1991) — the IFA badge covered postwar DKW-derived compacts and a quarter-million medium-duty trucks before reunification ended production.
Imperia
Belgian pioneer of the Liège valley (1906–1957) — builder of rakish pre-war sports tourers and the last original Belgian private car, the TA-8.
Imperial
Chrysler's standalone luxury marque (1955–1975, revived 1981–1983) — built to rival Cadillac and Lincoln, defined by Virgil Exner and Elwood Engel styling.
Infiniti
Nissan's luxury marque — launched in 1989 alongside Lexus and Acura, it grew from the Q45 flagship into a broad lineup of performance sedans and premium crossovers.
Innocenti
Milan's Lambretta scooter maker turned car builder — producing BMC-based coupes and roadsters before becoming Italy's answer to the Mini under De Tomaso and Bertone.
Intermeccanica
Turin-born, Vancouver-based low-volume sports-car house (1959–present) — builder of the V8-powered Italia Spyder and Indra GT before pivoting to handcrafted Porsche 356 replicas.
Invicta
A prestige British sporting car maker (1925–1950) from Surrey — famous for the Meadows-engined 4.5-litre S-Type, Donald Healey's 1931 Monte Carlo Rally win, and the advanced postwar Black Prince.
Iran Khodro
Iran's largest automaker and the Middle East's dominant car brand — builder of the legendary Paykan, Iran's 'national car' for four decades, and now its successor the Samand and modern Tara.
Iso Rivolta
Italian luxury GT house (1953–1974) — creator of the Grifo and Fidia, pairing Bertone bodies with Chevrolet V8 muscle.
Isotta Fraschini
Milan's ultra-luxury marque (1900–1949) — builder of the world's first series-production straight-eight car, favoured by Hollywood stars and European royalty.
Itala
Turin's daring pioneer (1904–1934) — winner of the 1906 Targa Florio and the epic 1907 Peking-to-Paris race, and briefly Italy's second-largest carmaker after Fiat.
Italdesign
The Turin studio behind the VW Golf, Fiat Panda, and Lancia Delta — and, in its own name, the Aztec, Nazca C2, and the 610 PS Zerouno supercar.
Isuzu
Japan's diesel-engine and commercial-vehicle specialist that spent three decades in the US SUV market, best remembered for the Trooper, Rodeo, and cult-classic VehiCROSS.
J
JAC Motors
China's Hefei-based state-owned automaker — built on commercial vehicles since 1964, now spanning Pininfarina-designed sedans, global-export SUVs, the iEV electric line, and the Hunter pickup.
Jaguar
Britain's storied luxury and sports-car marque — from the Le Mans-winning C-/D-Type and the immortal E-Type to the XJ saloon — now reinventing itself as an all-electric brand.
Jaecoo
Chery's international-only SUV brand launched in 2023 — combining rugged styling with competitive tech to break into markets from Europe to Southeast Asia.
Jeep
The American off-road icon — born from the WWII Willys MB and now Stellantis's rugged-SUV brand, home of the Wrangler, Cherokee, and Grand Cherokee.
Jensen
British hand-built grand tourers from West Bromwich (1934–1976) — best known for the Chrysler-V8 Interceptor and the four-wheel-drive FF; briefly revived 1998–2002.
Jetour
Chery's SUV-only sub-brand, launched in 2018 and reaching one million vehicles by 2024 — a rapid rise spanning rugged crossovers, coupe-SUVs, and off-road-capable family haulers.
Jordan
Cleveland 'assembled-car' maker (1916–1931) founded by ad-man Ned Jordan — famous for the Playboy roadster and the landmark 1923 'Somewhere West of Laramie' ad.
K
Kaiser
A pioneering postwar American independent (1945–1955) — first to the market with a modern full-envelope body, and home of the supercharged Manhattan and the fiberglass Kaiser Darrin.
Karma
California luxury EV and PHEV maker (founded 2014) that rose from Fisker Automotive's ashes — maker of the Revero sedan and, now, the all-electric Kaveya super coupe.
Kia
South Korea's second-largest automaker — once a budget alternative, now a design-led brand spanning the Sportage, Telluride, Stinger, and the EV6 electric crossover.
Koenigsegg
Swedish hypercar maker founded by Christian von Koenigsegg at 22 — builder of successive world-fastest production cars, from the six-unit CC8S to the 1,600-hp Jesko Absolut.
KTM
Austrian motorcycle powerhouse turned niche automaker — KTM's sole car, the X-Bow, is a carbon-monocoque, Audi-engined roadster that has evolved from 237 hp street weapon to 493 hp GT-XR supercar since 2008.
Kurogane
A pioneering Japanese manufacturer (1926–1962) that built the Type 95 — one of the world's first mass-produced four-wheel-drive vehicles — alongside three-wheeled trucks and postwar kei vans.
L
Lada
Russia's best-selling automaker — born from a Fiat licence deal in the Soviet era, home of the iconic Niva off-roader, and still the top-selling brand in the Russian market.
Lagonda
British luxury and sporting marque (1906–1995) — home of the Le Mans-winning M45R Rapide, W. O. Bentley's masterwork V12, and the futuristic wedge-shaped 1976 saloon.
Lamborghini
Italian supercar maker that invented the mid-engine layout with the 1966 Miura, and has since produced a succession of V12 flagships — Countach, Diablo, Murciélago, Aventador, Revuelto — alongside its record-smashing Urus SUV.
Lanchester
Pioneering British luxury marque (1899–1955) — an engineering trailblazer credited with the first marketed disc brakes, later absorbed into BSA/Daimler.
Land Rover
The British 4x4 marque born from the 1948 Rover utility vehicle — maker of the rugged Defender and the luxury Range Rover line, now part of JLR.
Lancia
Turin's most inventive marque — pioneer of the unibody chassis, the production V6 engine, and the most decorated constructor in World Rally Championship history.
Laraki
Casablanca-based hypercar atelier founded in 1999 — Africa's pioneer in indigenous ultra-performance cars, with four extreme limited-edition models from 2002 to 2019.
LaSalle
General Motors' Cadillac-built companion marque (1927–1940) — home of the 1927 Harley Earl debut, the first American production car shaped by a dedicated stylist.
Leapmotor
Hangzhou-based EV startup founded in 2015 that grew from a quirky electric coupe into a Stellantis-backed global brand — known for value pricing and in-house chip development.
Lexus
Toyota's global luxury division — launched in 1989 with the LS 400's near-silent perfection and grown into a full lineup of sedans, coupes, and crossovers that consistently top quality rankings.
Leyland Australia
Australia's sole attempt at a locally-designed large car — the P76 won Wheels Car of the Year 1973 but the marque folded within two years, undone by the oil crisis and British Leyland's collapse.
Li Auto
China's premium EREV pioneer — Li Xiang's 2015 start-up that turned range-extended electric SUVs into a mass-market formula, now expanding into full BEVs.
Lifan
Chongqing-based private automaker (1992–2020) that grew from a motorcycle repair shop into a budget-sedan and crossover exporter active in 51 countries before bankruptcy restructuring in 2020.
Ligier
French marque founded by racing driver Guy Ligier in 1968 — built the rare Maserati-powered JS2 GT, then reinvented itself as Europe's leading voiture sans permis microcar maker.
Lightyear
Dutch solar-electric pioneer (2016–2023) — founded by Solar Team Eindhoven alumni; built the world's first long-range solar car before its manufacturing arm collapsed in 2023.
Lincoln
Ford Motor Company's luxury division since 1922 — home of the Continental, the Town Car, and the Navigator that defined the modern luxury SUV.
Lister
Cambridge-born British sports car maker — creator of the legendary Knobbly racer of the 1950s and, in its modern life, the 7.0-litre V12 Storm supercar and Jaguar-based performance specials.
Lloyd
Bremen's budget microcar maker (1908–1963) — reborn under Borgward after WWII, the fabric-bodied LP 300 put post-war Germany on wheels.
Local Motors
American open-source vehicle pioneer (2007–2022) — creator of the crowd-designed Rally Fighter off-roader and the world's first 3D-printed car.
Locomobile
American automaker (1899–1929) that started with cheap Stanley-licensed steam runabouts, then became a premier gasoline luxury marque — winner of the 1908 Vanderbilt Cup with 'Old 16'.
Lorraine-Dietrich
French pioneer and two-time Le Mans winner (1925–1926) — the first marque to win at La Sarthe twice, famed for its 3.4-litre B3-6 Sport tourer.
Lordstown
Short-lived US electric-truck startup (2018–2023) built around the former GM Lordstown plant — maker of the in-wheel-motor Endurance pickup before its 2023 bankruptcy.
Lotus
Britain's lightweight-sports-car marque, founded by Colin Chapman on 'add lightness' — maker of the Seven, Esprit, and Elise, now Geely-owned and going electric.
Lucid
California's luxury EV upstart — the Air sedan holds the longest EPA-certified range of any production EV (520 miles), topped by the 1,234-hp tri-motor Air Sapphire.
Lynk & Co
Geely and Volvo's Chinese-Swedish premium brand — CMA-platform crossovers and sedans sold in China and Europe via a subscription model, with multiple WTCR world touring-car titles.
M
Magna Steyr
Austria's Graz-based automotive engineering and contract-manufacturing powerhouse — heir to 125 years of Steyr-Puch heritage and builder of iconic vehicles from the G-Class to the GR Supra.
Mahindra
India's dominant SUV-and-utility-vehicle maker — from licensed Willys Jeeps in 1949 to the Scorpio, Thar, and next-generation electric Origin SUVs.
Mansory
Germany's most extreme luxury coachbuilder — Kourosh Mansory's Brand, Bavaria atelier transforms Ferraris, Lamborghinis, Bugattis, and Rolls-Royces into bespoke carbon-fibre sculptures with four-figure horsepower.
Marcos
British low-volume sports-car maker (1959–2007) founded by Jem Marsh and Frank Costin — famous for early plywood-monocoque chassis and the giant-killing Mini Marcos.
Marcopolo
Brazil's largest bus and coach manufacturer — founded in 1949 in Caxias do Sul and now exporting bodies for intercity, touring, and urban transit to more than 100 countries.
Marmon
Indianapolis engineering marque (1902–1933) that won the first Indianapolis 500 with the Wasp in 1911, pioneered aluminum construction in the Model 34, and bowed out with the magnificent V16 Marmon Sixteen.
Marussia
Russia's pioneering supercar maker (2007–2014) — creator of the B1 and B2 mid-engine coupés, the first Russian-built sports cars, bankrupt in 2014 after ~48 cars.
Mastretta
Mexico's pioneering sports car maker — Daniel Mastretta's studio produced the MXT (2011–2014), the first car completely designed and manufactured in Mexico.
Maruti Suzuki
India's dominant automaker since 1983 — a Suzuki-backed giant that put millions of Indians in their first car, from the legendary 800 to the Swift and beyond.
Maserati
Italy's storied luxury and performance marque — home of the trident badge since 1914, the Quattroporte grand sedan, and the thunderous GranTurismo.
Matra
France's aerospace-to-automobile outlier (1965–2003) — creators of the world's first mid-engine production road car and the Renault Espace, Europe's pioneering minivan.
Maxus
SAIC Motor's global commercial-vehicle brand — born from the British LDV Maxus van in 2011, now spanning electric vans, pickup trucks, SUVs, and MPVs across 30+ markets.
Maxwell
American automaker (1904–1925) — a top-three US carmaker before WWI whose four-cylinder design, revived by Walter Chrysler as the 'Good Maxwell,' became the first Chrysler and then the first Plymouth.
Maybach
Germany's most opulent marque — Karl Maybach's coachbuilt pre-war giants revived a century later as Mercedes-Benz's ultra-luxury pinnacle.
Mazda
Hiroshima automaker founded in 1920, famous for its Wankel rotary engines (Cosmo, RX-7, RX-8), the best-selling MX-5 Miata roadster, and its SkyActiv and 'Kodo' design era.
Mazzanti
Pontedera, Tuscany hypercar micro-manufacturer — founded in 2002, best known for the hand-built Evantra series, each fitted with a large-displacement American V8 and produced at a rate of five cars per year.
McLaren
British supercar maker from Woking, born of the McLaren F1 team — creator of the record-setting 1990s F1 and, since 2010's MP4-12C, a full carbon-tubbed road-car range.
Mega
French performance and leisure-car brand under Aixam — best known for the V12 Mega Track off-road supercar and the Monte Carlo GT, both from the 1990s.
Melkus
East Germany's only sports car maker — Heinz Melkus built 101 gullwing RS 1000s in Dresden between 1969 and 1979, defying the Iron Curtain with a Wartburg-powered mid-engine roadster.
Mercedes-Benz
The inventor of the automobile and the benchmark for luxury, safety, and engineering since the 1926 Daimler-Benz merger.
Mercury
Ford's mid-priced division (1939–2011) — created by Edsel Ford to sit between Ford and Lincoln, home of the Cougar and Grand Marquis before its 2011 closure.
Merkur
Ford's short-lived European-import sub-brand (1985–1989) — a bold bid to sell re-badged Ford of Europe models through Lincoln-Mercury dealers, abandoned after just two models and five years.
Messerschmitt
West Germany's iconic bubble-car maker (1953–1964) — Fritz Fend's tandem-seat Kabinenroller microcars, born from Messerschmitt's postwar ban on aircraft production.
MG
British sports-car marque (1924–present) — the Morris Garages roadsters (TC, MGA, MGB) that built the US sports-car market, now a SAIC-owned, China-built volume brand.
Microcar
French pioneer of license-exempt quadricycles ('voitures sans permis') — born as a Jeanneau division in 1980, absorbed by Ligier in 2008, and discontinued in 2025.
Microlino
Swiss electric bubble-car brand — born at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show, inspired by the Isetta, and built in Turin since 2022 as a two-seat L7e urban microcar.
Minerva
Belgium's most prestigious pre-war marque — Antwerp-built luxury cars powered by whisper-quiet Knight sleeve-valve engines, favoured by royalty and rivalling Rolls-Royce (1902–1938).
Mini
The British small-car icon — Alec Issigonis's 1959 original, reborn in 2001 as a premium BMW-owned marque led by the Cooper hatch and Countryman.
Mitsubishi
Japan's storied all-wheel-drive specialist — from the rally-bred Lancer Evolution and iconic Eclipse to the Outlander PHEV, Mitsubishi has long mixed everyday practicality with AWD and electrification firsts.
Mitsuoka
Japan's tenth registered automaker — a Toyama coachbuilder famous for grafting 1950s–1970s British and American styling onto modern Nissan, Mazda, and Toyota platforms in tiny, handcrafted runs.
Monteverdi
Switzerland's audacious luxury marque (1967–1984) — Chrysler V8 muscle in Italian-coachbuilt bodies, built in Basel by ex-racing driver Peter Monteverdi.
Moon
Defunct St. Louis 'assembled-car' maker (1905–1930) founded by carriage builder Joseph W. Moon — well-finished mid-priced cars built from bought-in parts, peaking near 10,000 cars in 1925 before the Windsor rename and the front-drive Ruxton venture sank it.
Moretti
Turin's hand-built sports-car maker (1925–1989) — celebrated for the twin-cam 750 Gran Sport racers of the 1950s before pivoting to Fiat-based coachbuilt specials.
Morgan
Britain's most traditional sports-car maker — hand-built in Malvern Link since 1910, still framing its bodies in ash wood, from the long-lived 4/4 to the BMW-powered Plus Six.
Morris
British volume car maker founded by William Morris at Cowley, Oxford — from the 1913 'Bullnose' Oxford and the best-selling Morris Minor to the Marina and Ital, the brand retired in 1984.
Moskvitch
Moscow's own people's car — a Soviet staple that put millions of Russians behind the wheel from 1946, revived in 2022 as a Chinese-assembled crossover brand.
Mosler
Radical Florida-built American supercar brand (1985–2013) — from the Consulier GTP to the carbon-fiber MT900, always built to out-perform cars costing far more.
N
Nardi
Turin's tiny racing-car workshop (1947–c.1964), founded by ex-Ferrari engineer Enrico Nardi — remembered for the Bisiluro at Le Mans and a steering wheel that outlasted the cars.
Nash
American automaker (1916–1957) founded by Charles W. Nash — pioneer of US unibody construction and the modern compact, maker of the Ambassador and Rambler before merging into AMC.
NEVS
National Electric Vehicle Sweden — the company that bought Saab's Trollhättan factory out of bankruptcy and produced an electric 9-3 sedan in China from 2019 to 2022 before financial collapse froze operations.
NIO
China's premium electric vehicle brand — known for its battery-swap network, the EP9 hypercar, and a growing lineup of sophisticated EVs from sporty sedans to flagship SUVs.
Nissan
Japanese automaker founded in 1933 — sold in the US under the Datsun brand until the early 1980s, and maker of the iconic Z sports car, the GT-R, and the Leaf EV.
Noble
Small English supercar maker founded in 1999 by Lee Noble — lightweight, mid-engined, turbocharged track cars built in tiny numbers, from the M12 to the M600.
NSU
The pioneering German marque that put the Wankel rotary engine into production — maker of the Ro 80 and Prinz — absorbed into Audi in 1969 and retired in 1977.
O
Ohta
One of Japan's largest prewar automakers — the Tokyo-built Ohta produced cars and light trucks from 1934 to 1957, bridging Japan's pioneer era to the postwar recovery.
Ola Electric
India's leading electric two-wheeler brand — maker of the S1 scooter family and the Roadster motorcycle line, built at the world's largest two-wheeler factory in Tamil Nadu.
Oldsmobile
America's oldest surviving car brand at its 2004 close — a General Motors division (founded 1897) behind the assembly-line Curved Dash, the Rocket 88, the front-drive Toronado, and the best-selling Cutlass.
OM
Italian marque (1918–1934) that scored a 1-2-3 victory in the first Mille Miglia with its legendary 665 Superba — roughly 7,500 cars built before Fiat acquired the firm.
Omoda
Chery's export-only premium crossover brand — launched in 2022 and selling across Europe, Southeast Asia, and Africa with the Omoda 5 compact SUV leading the range.
Opel
Germany's people's-car maker and a pillar of European motoring — from the rear-drive Kadett and GT sports car to the Corsa, Astra, and the modern electric Mokka.
Ora
Great Wall Motor's dedicated battery-electric marque — known for retro-styled, cat-named EVs including the globally sold Good Cat (Funky Cat) hatchback.
OSCA
The Maserati brothers' boutique Bologna racing house (1947–1967) — fewer than 200 cars built, including the Sebring-winning MT4 sports racer.
Otosan
Turkey's pioneering automaker (1959–1977) — producer of the Anadol, the first mass-produced passenger car designed and built in Turkey, featuring an innovative fiberglass body.
P
Packard
America's pre-eminent luxury marque (1899–1958) — one of the 'Three Ps' — from the V12 Twin Six and the magnificent Twelve to the Depression-saving One-Twenty and the finned Caribbean.
Pagani
The Modena atelier that turned carbon-composite obsession into the Zonda, Huayra, and Utopia — hand-built Italian hypercars in two-digit production runs.
Panhard
One of the world's earliest automakers (1887–1967) — inventor of the front-engine/rear-drive layout and maker of radical postwar economy cars before Citroën absorbed the brand.
Panoz
Dan Panoz's low-volume Georgia sports-car maker (founded 1989) — aluminum-bodied, V8-powered roadsters and GTs, with a Le Mans racing pedigree that birthed the American Le Mans Series.
Paykan
Iran's beloved national car (1967–2005) — a licensed Hillman Hunter that outlasted its British parent by decades and remains a symbol of Iranian everyday life.
Peerless
Cleveland luxury automaker (1900–1931) and one of the 'Three Ps' — Packard, Peerless, Pierce-Arrow — famed for the Green Dragon racer; the Depression ended it and the plant became the Carling brewery.
Pegaso
Spain's sole supercar maker (1951–1958) — ENASA's quad-cam V8 Z-102 briefly held the title of world's fastest production car.
Perodua
Malaysia's largest-selling automaker — founded in 1993 as a Daihatsu-partnered second national car project, and home to the best-selling Myvi hatchback.
Peugeot
France's oldest automaker — the lion badge on the 504, the legendary 205 GTI, and the Car of the Year-winning 3008.
PGO
Boutique French sports-car maker from southern France — handbuilt Porsche 356-inspired roadsters and coupes since 1980, now powered by BMW turbocharged engines.
Piccard-Pictet
Geneva's 'Rolls-Royce of Switzerland' (1906–1924) — precision-built tourers that became the Swiss Army's standard staff car in World War I.
Pierce-Arrow
Buffalo, New York luxury automaker (1901–1938) — one of the 'Three P's' of American prestige cars, famed for fender-mounted headlamps, the giant Model 66, and the streamlined Silver Arrow.
Pininfarina
Italy's most celebrated automotive design house turned car maker — ninety years shaping Ferraris before launching the all-electric Battista hypercar under its own badge.
Playboy
A short-lived Buffalo, NY small-car maker (1947–1951) whose only model — a low-cost convertible with an early retractable steel hardtop — never reached volume; about 97 were built before bankruptcy.
Plymouth
Chrysler's low-priced make (1928–2001) — a Chevrolet/Ford rival best remembered for muscle cars like the Road Runner and 'Cuda, the minivan-pioneering Voyager, and the retro Prowler.
Polestar
Sweden's premium electric-car marque — born from Volvo's racing division and now building striking BEVs from the carbon-fibre Polestar 1 to the SUV-rivalling Polestar 3 and 4.
Pontiac
General Motors' performance division (1926–2010) — home of the GTO and Firebird Trans Am, discontinued in 2010.
Porsche
Germany's premier sports-car maker — from the air-cooled 356 and immortal 911 to the Cayenne SUV and electric Taycan, Porsche has defined the performance car for over 75 years.
Praga
Prague's century-old automaker — from pre-WWI luxury saloons and Depression-era economy cars to a 700 hp GT-R-powered hypercar and world-class racing karts.
Premier
India's pioneering automaker (1944–2018) — famous for the Fiat-licensed Padmini taxi that defined a generation of Indian roads.
Prince
Japan's pioneering luxury and performance marque (1952–1966) — creator of the Skyline and Gloria, absorbed by Nissan in 1966.
Proton
Malaysia's national carmaker — launched on PM Mahathir's vision of a home-grown automobile industry, from Mitsubishi-based sedans to Geely-partnered SUVs.
Protos
Berlin's prestige pre-war marque (1900–1926) — Kaiser Wilhelm II's preferred car, and the first to reach Paris in the 1908 New York–to–Paris Race.
Proto / Spirra
South Korea's hand-built supercar marque — Proto Motors' Spirra was a mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports car produced from 2008 to 2017 before its maker filed for bankruptcy.
Puch
Austrian manufacturer from Graz (1899–1987) — creator of the rally-winning Puch 500 city car and a dynasty of rugged 4WD vehicles, including the original G-Class built for Mercedes.
Puma
Brazil's iconic fiberglass sports-car maker (1964–1995) — VW-powered coupes and roadsters that raced at Interlagos and sold in 50 countries.
Q
Qoros
Sino-Israeli joint venture that produced the first Chinese car to earn a five-star Euro NCAP rating — dissolved in 2022 after struggling to find a foothold in its home market.
Qvale
Modena-based sports-car startup (2000–2002) that produced the Mangusta — a Marcello Gandini-designed roadster powered by a Ford 4.6L V8 — in a total run of just 284 cars.
R
Radical
Peterborough-born builder of featherweight track-day racers — makers of the SR3, the world's best-selling sports prototype, and the SR8 LM that shattered the Nürburgring production-car record.
Ram
The truck brand Chrysler spun off from Dodge in 2010 — home of the Ram 1500 pickup, the Heavy Duty 2500/3500, the supercharged TRX, and the ProMaster vans.
Rambler
An American marque used across three eras — Thomas B. Jeffery's pioneering 1900s cars, Nash's 1950s compact, and AMC's primary make until 1969.
Range Rover
British luxury 4x4 marque launched in 1970 under Land Rover — now a standalone Jaguar Land Rover sub-brand spanning the flagship Range Rover, Sport, Evoque, and Velar.
Reliant
Tamworth's British maker of three-wheelers and fibreglass specials (1935–2002) — the Robin and Regal trikes, the Scimitar GTE sporting estate, and the Bond Bug.
Renault
France's largest automaker — founded by Louis Renault in 1899, nationalized in 1945, and now the pioneer of European mass-market electrification with the Zoe and the revived Renault 5 E-Tech.
Renault Korea
Successor to Samsung Motors — a Busan-based automaker that brought Renault technology to South Korea and produced the SM and QM lines for over two decades.
REO
Ransom E. Olds's second car company (1905–1975) — maker of the landmark Speed Wagon light truck and the streamlined Royale, builder of cars and trucks before becoming Diamond Reo.
Reva
India's pioneering electric microcar brand (1994–2016) — the G-Wiz became the world's best-selling EV in 2006 before Mahindra acquired and absorbed the company.
Rezvani
Southern California low-volume brand (est. 2013) specializing in extreme-performance sports cars and military-inspired luxury SUVs — from the open-wheel Beast to the armored Tank and Vengeance.
Riley
Coventry sporting marque (1913–1969) — Percy Riley's advanced high-camshaft engines, the celebrated Riley Nine, then a badge absorbed by Nuffield, BMC and British Leyland.
Rimac
Croatia's electric hypercar maker — founded in a garage by Mate Rimac in 2009, now producing the 1,914-hp Nevera and supplying EV technology to global OEMs.
Ringbrothers
Wisconsin-based bespoke restomod shop — Jim and Mike Ring transform American muscle classics into carbon-fiber, four-digit-horsepower SEMA showstoppers, twice winning Battle of the Builders.
Rinspeed
Zürich-based concept studio founded in 1979 by Frank M. Rinderknecht — one radical concept per year, from the world's first submersible car to autonomous urban pods.
Rivian
American electric-vehicle maker founded in 2009 by RJ Scaringe — known for the adventure-focused R1T pickup and R1S SUV, Amazon's delivery vans, and the new midsize R2.
Roewe
SAIC Motor's Chinese premium brand born from MG Rover's collapse — from a Rover 75-derived sedan to one of China's most prominent electric and internet-connected car makers.
Rolls-Royce
The British ultra-luxury marque founded by Charles Rolls and Henry Royce in 1904 — maker of "the best car in the world," from the Silver Ghost to today's BMW-built Phantom, Cullinan, and electric Spectre.
Rosengart
A French microcar pioneer (1928–1955) that began as a licensed Austin 7 builder and evolved into original designs before closing in the mid-1950s.
Rover
British marque (1878–2005) — bicycle pioneer turned maker of refined middle-class saloons, from the P-series and SD1 to the retro Rover 75, ended by MG Rover's 2005 collapse.
RUF
Pfaffenhausen's boutique supercar maker — an independent German manufacturer best known for the 213-mph CTR 'Yellowbird' and a line of extreme Porsche-based machines.
S
Saab
Sweden's aerospace-born automaker (1945–2012) — pioneer of turbocharged family cars and front-wheel drive, home of the iconic 900 and the rally-winning 96.
SAIC Motor
China's largest automaker — operator of the Roewe, MG, Maxus, and IM Motors brands, plus joint ventures with Volkswagen and GM; delivered its 100 millionth vehicle in 2026.
SAIPA
Iran's second-largest automaker — from Citroën and Kia license production to domestically engineered sedans and crossovers used by millions of Iranians.
Saleen
American performance-car maker founded by racer Steve Saleen in 1983 — famous for its modified Ford Mustangs and the in-house-built S7 supercar.
Salmson
French engineering marque (1921–1957) celebrated for twin-cam racing cyclecars and the Le Mans-campaigned 2300 S coupé.
Saturn
GM's 'different kind of car company' (1985–2010) — no-haggle pricing and dent-resistant polymer panels, from the S-Series to the Sky, shut down in 2010.
Sbarro
Swiss atelier founded by Franco Sbarro in 1968 — builder of audacious one-offs, limited-run replicas, and concept cars that consistently pushed coachbuilding to its extremes.
Saxon
American low-priced car maker (1913–1923) — Detroit-built rival to the Ford Model T whose $395 four-cylinder runabout and Continental-powered Saxon Six briefly made it the seventh-largest U.S. producer.
Scania
Sweden's premium heavy-truck and bus maker — 55,000 employees, five truck cab families, and the legendary V8 engine that has powered European long-haul since 1969.
Scion
Toyota's youth-focused US sub-brand (2003–2016) — boxy xB, sporty tC, and the FR-S sports car, sold at no-haggle prices before being folded back into Toyota.
SEAT
Spain's largest automaker — born from a Fiat partnership in 1950, now a Volkswagen Group brand known for sporty European hatchbacks and the Cupra performance sub-brand.
Shelby
Carroll Shelby's American performance marque — creator of the V8 Cobra and the GT350/GT500 Mustangs, from 1960s racing legend to today's Ford-partnered tuner.
Siata
Turin's Fiat-tuning atelier turned sports-car maker (1926–1970) — creator of the Steve McQueen-owned 208S 'Little Ferrari' and the pop-art Siata Spring.
Simca
France's second-largest carmaker of the 1950s–70s (1934–1980) — pioneer of the front-drive hatchback and twice European Car of the Year winner.
Singer
British marque from Coventry (cars 1905–1970) — a 1920s volume maker famous for the Nine Le Mans sports car, later a badge-engineered Rootes brand.
Singer Vehicle Design
Los Angeles bespoke coachbuilder that transforms air-cooled Porsche 964 donor cars into hand-built, customer-specified reimaginings — the Classic Study, DLS, Turbo Study, and beyond.
Sisu
Finland's heavy-truck maker since 1931 — purpose-built for Nordic logging, construction, and military use, now producing the Polar series from Raseborg.
Smart
Germany's microcar specialist — founded as a Swatch–Daimler venture, home of the iconic two-seat Fortwo city car, now a Mercedes-Benz/Geely EV joint venture.
Spyker
The Dutch marque that built the world's first four-wheel-drive car in 1903 — and came back a century later as a hand-built supercar atelier.
SSC (Shelby SuperCars)
American hypercar maker founded in 1999 by Jerod Shelby — its Ultimate Aero held the production-car top-speed record (2007–2010), and the Tuatara is its 1,750-hp successor.
SsangYong
South Korea's SUV specialist — built on a Daimler-Benz partnership, the Korando and Rexton, and now reborn as KG Mobility.
Standard
Coventry volume maker (1903–1963) — the inter-war Nine and Ten, the streamlined Flying Standards, and the landmark post-war Vanguard, before the marque was absorbed by Triumph.
Standard Motors (India)
Madras-based automaker (1948–1988) that localized British Standard-Triumph designs before creating India's first domestically redesigned car, the Gazel.
Stanguellini
Modena's pioneering small-car racer (1946–1981) — Vittorio Stanguellini's twin-cam Fiat-based barchettas and Formula Junior single-seaters dominated Italian and European circuit racing.
Stanley (Stanley Steamer)
American steam-car pioneer (1902–1924), founded by the Stanley twins — maker of the Stanley Steamer and the car that set the 1906 land speed record.
Star
William C. Durant's low-priced marque (1922–1928) — an assembled car built to undercut the Ford Model T, and credited with the first production station wagon (1923).
Steyr
Austria's most significant pre-war automaker (1920–1959) — engineering-led cars by Hans Ledwinka and Ferdinand Porsche, continued as the Puch 500 city car until 1975.
Stoewer
A pioneering German make from Stettin (1899–1945) — among Germany's first carmakers, builder of one of the country's earliest mass-produced front-wheel-drive cars and the streamlined Greif Junior.
Studebaker
One of America's oldest vehicle makers — a South Bend wagon builder turned automaker (cars from 1902, gone by 1967), famed for its Loewy-styled coupes, the Hawk, and the Avanti.
Stutz
Indianapolis performance-luxury marque (1911–1937) famed for the Bearcat speedster and twin-cam DV-32, revived in name only (1968–1995) for Italian-bodied neoclassic coupes — most famously Elvis Presley's Blackhawk.
Subaru
Japan's all-wheel-drive specialist — built around the boxer engine and symmetrical AWD, maker of the Outback, Forester, Impreza, WRX, and BRZ.
Sunbeam
A celebrated Wolverhampton marque (1901–1976) — Grand Prix pioneer, land-speed-record holder, and maker of the iconic Alpine roadster and Ford V8-powered Tiger.
Suzuki
Japan's kei-car and compact-SUV specialist — maker of the Jimny, Swift, and Vitara, with a storied motorcycle division and dominant presence through India's Maruti Suzuki.
T
TagAZ
Defunct Russian assembly plant (Taganrog, 1997–2014) that built licensed Korean and Chinese vehicles for the domestic market, most notably SsangYong SUVs and Chery-based Vortex models.
Talbot
Defunct British marque (1903–1994) with three distinct lives: Roesch's pre-war six-cylinder thoroughbreds, Antonio Lago's French Grand Prix exotics, and the 1980s Talbot Sunbeam Lotus that won the World Rally Championship.
Talbot-Lago
French marque from Suresnes (1936–1959) that raced at Formula One's first season and won Le Mans in 1950, then died as postwar austerity strangled the market for hand-built luxury cars.
Tama
Japan's pioneering post-war electric vehicle maker (1947–1951) — a Tachikawa Aircraft spin-off whose battery-swappable EVs seeded the lineage that became Prince Motor and eventually Nissan.
Tank
Great Wall Motor's off-road SUV marque — body-on-frame 4x4s from the retro-styled Tank 300 to the flagship luxury Tank 700, built for serious off-road capability.
Tata Motors
India's largest automaker — founded in 1945 as TELCO, pioneer of India's first indigenous passenger car (Indica, 1998), and parent of Jaguar Land Rover since 2008.
Tauro Sport Auto
Hand-built Spanish sports cars from Valladolid (2010–~2014) — Chevrolet LS3 power on a GM Kappa platform, designed by Ferdinand Porsche's great-grandson.
Tatra
One of the world's oldest continuously operating vehicle manufacturers — the Czech maker famous for streamlined, rear-engined, air-cooled cars that influenced the Volkswagen Beetle, with passenger-car production running from 1897 to 1999.
Terraplane
Hudson's low-priced, high-performance marque of the Depression years (1932–1938) — the fast, light 'car that saved Hudson', launched as the Essex-Terraplane.
Tesla
The American electric-car maker founded in 2003 that pushed battery-electric vehicles into the mainstream — from the Roadster to the best-selling Model Y.
Togg
Turkey's first domestic electric vehicle brand — a government-backed joint venture producing the T10X SUV and T10F fastback from its Bursa plant.
Tofaş
Turkey's leading car manufacturer — a Koç Holding / Stellantis joint venture in Bursa that built the iconic Bird Series (Şahin, Doğan, Kartal) and now produces Fiat and multi-brand vans for global export.
Touring Superleggera
Milan's legendary coachbuilder (1926–1966, revived 2006) — inventor of the Superleggera tubular-frame construction method and the hand that shaped the Ferrari 166 MM Barchetta, Alfa Romeo 8C 2900, and Lamborghini's first road car.
Toyota
Japan's largest automaker, known for durable, mass-market vehicles and pioneering hybrid technology.
Trabant
East Germany's iconic 'people's car' (1957–1991) — a two-stroke, Duroplast-bodied icon of Cold War motoring, with 3.7 million built before reunification ended production.
Trident
A tiny Suffolk sports-car maker (1965–1977) that salvaged a TVR prototype and hand-built around 130 coupes — the V8 Clipper, six-cylinder Venturer, and Triumph-engined Tycoon.
Troller
Brazil's only homegrown 4x4 off-road marque (1995–2021) — built in Ceará, Ford-owned from 2007, and best known for the rugged T4.
Trojan
British maker of ultra-simple economy cars (1914–1965) — the two-stroke Utility Car's seven-moving-part engine and solid tyres made it both a curiosity and a working-class success.
Triumph
Coventry marque (cars 1923–1984) famous for affordable British sports cars — the TR roadsters, Spitfire, and Stag — before it was absorbed into British Leyland.
Trumpchi
GAC Group's own Chinese brand (2010–present) — launched on an Alfa Romeo platform, now a broad line of sedans, SUVs, and MPVs led by the GS4 compact SUV and M8 flagship minivan.
Tucker
America's most famous automotive might-have-been — Tucker Corporation built just 51 radical Tucker 48 sedans in Chicago before a government fraud trial (all acquitted) ended the company in 1949.
TVR
Blackpool's hand-built British sports-car maker (from 1947) — fibreglass-bodied, tubular-chassis, raw and fast, from the Grantura to the Sagaris; revived in 2013.
U
UAZ
Russia's rugged utilitarian marque — builder of the legendary UAZ-469 off-roader and the Buhanka van, still producing 4×4 workhorses from Ulyanovsk since 1941.
Ultima
Hinckley's lightweight British supercar maker — the Ultima GTR once held multiple 0–100–0 mph world records and the Evolution line still offers over 1,000 hp.
Unic
French manufacturer (1905–1938) renowned for the long-lived 12/14 hp taxi that dominated Paris and London cab ranks for two decades, before shifting to trucks after World War I.
Uniti
Swedish electric-microcar startup founded at Lund University in 2016 — the innovative Uniti One city car attracted global investment and Siemens backing but filed for bankruptcy in 2022 before a single car reached a customer.
V
Valmet Automotive
Finland's landmark contract manufacturer — the Uusikaupunki plant that assembled Saabs for three decades, then Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, and more, across 1.9 million vehicles.
VAM
Mexico's homegrown AMC licensee (1946–1987) — assembled Ramblers, Javelins, and Gremlins with locally sourced content, and built one wholly original Mexican model, the Lerma.
Vandenbrink
Amsterdam coachbuilder crafting ultra-exclusive hand-built conversions — best known for the 12-unit GTO tribute on the Ferrari 599 GTB and the Ferrari 612-based Shooting Brake.
Vauxhall
Britain's oldest surviving carmaker (founded 1857; cars from 1903) — maker of the Astra, Corsa, Cavalier and Viva, and a GM, then Stellantis, brand.
Vector
America's lone independent supercar marque — Jerry Wiegert's aerospace-inspired venture that built the twin-turbo W8 (1989–1993) and the Diablo-based M12 in tiny numbers before collapsing.
Velie
A Moline, Illinois marque (1908–1928) built by John Deere's grandson — from brass-era four-cylinders through a pioneering straight-eight, producing ~75,000 cars before the founder's death ended the line.
Venturi
France's rare mid-engined GT marque — ~700 turbo coupés built 1987–2000, then reinvented as a Monaco-based electric speed pioneer.
Vignale
Turin coachbuilder (1948–1973) — Ferrari's primary bodyman in the early 1950s and creator of the charming Gamine micro-roadster.
Vinot-Deguingand
Puteaux-born French marque (1901–1926) that grew from bicycles and belt-driven twins to a full Edwardian range, raced at the TT and the inaugural Le Mans, then succumbed to post-war commercial pressure.
VinFast
Vietnam's first international automaker — a Vingroup subsidiary that launched in 2017 with Pininfarina-designed BMW-platform vehicles and pivoted fully to electric SUVs for global markets from 2022.
Volkswagen
Germany's people's-car brand, maker of the Beetle and the Golf — two of the most-produced cars ever.
Voisin
France's most technically daring luxury marque (1919–1939) — aviation-derived sleeve-valve engines, aluminum bodywork, and Art Deco coachwork from Gabriel Voisin.
Volga
The Soviet Union's prestige sedan brand (1956–2010) — built by GAZ in Nizhny Novgorod, a status symbol of the nomenklatura and the workhorse of every Soviet taxi fleet.
Volvo
Sweden's safety-first automaker, founded in 1927 — from boxy numeric classics like the 240 to a modern lineup of electrified SUVs and wagons.
Voyah
Dongfeng Motor's premium electric and plug-in-hybrid marque — launched in 2020 and best known for the Free SUV, Dreamer MPV, and Passion sedan.
W
Wallys Car
Tunisia's only indigenous automaker — founded 2006 in Ben Arous by the Guiga brothers — building fiberglass-bodied off-roaders and compact SUVs for African and export markets.
Wanderer
A Chemnitz manufacturer of bicycles, typewriters, and cars (1885–1945) — one of the four founding marques of Auto Union, known for affordable, quality-built mid-class German automobiles.
Wartburg
East Germany's premium marque (1956–1991) — two-stroke family cars built in Eisenach, a cut above the Trabant and a product of DKW's pre-war legacy.
Westfield
British kit-car maker (1982–2022) best known for Lotus Seven-inspired open two-seaters — over 13,000 built, from the tarmac-wrecking SEight V8 to the Hayabusa-engined Megabusa.
Wiesmann
Handbuilt German sports cars from Dülmen — retro-styled roadsters and GT coupes around BMW powertrains, revived in 2024 with the all-electric Thunderball.
Willys (Willys-Overland)
Toledo, Ohio automaker (1908–1963) — once the US's second-largest carmaker, builder of the WWII Willys MB jeep and pioneer of the all-steel station wagon.
W Motors
The Arab world's first hypercar maker — a Dubai-based ultra-luxury manufacturer whose jewel-headlight Lykan HyperSport leapt from skyscraper to skyscraper in Furious 7.
WM Motor
Shanghai EV startup (2015–2023) that sold the Weltmeister-branded EX5, EX6, W6, and E5 before filing for bankruptcy in October 2023.
Wolseley
A defunct British marque (1901–1975) — Britain's biggest carmaker in the Edwardian era, later BMC's upmarket badge-engineered saloon with its illuminated grille badge.
Wuling
China's people's brand — the SAIC-GM-Wuling joint venture that turned affordable microvans and the viral Hongguang Mini EV into a combined 30-million-vehicle legacy.
X
Y
Yangwang
BYD's ultra-luxury electric sub-brand — debuted in 2023 with the e⁴ quad-motor platform powering a flagship SUV, a 1,287-hp supercar, and a full-size luxury sedan all priced above ¥1 million.
Yugo
Yugoslavia's infamous $3,990 subcompact — over 794,000 built from 1980 to 2008, remembered as America's cheapest and most ridiculed new car.
Z
Zagato
Milan's foremost coachbuilder since 1919 — creator of the double-bubble roof, the Giulia TZ, and a century of bespoke bodies for Alfa Romeo, Aston Martin, and beyond.
Zastava
Yugoslavia's flagship automaker (1953–2008) — builder of Fiat-licensed people's cars, famous for the beloved Fića and the Yugo that conquered, then scandalized, the American market.
ZAZ
Ukraine's sole domestic automaker — creator of the rear-engine Zaporozhets 'people's car' of the Soviet era, and producer of licensed Daewoo, Chevrolet, and Chery models into the 2010s.
Zeekr
Geely's premium all-electric marque, launched in 2021 and NYSE-listed in 2024 — a fast-moving lineup from the 001 shooting brake to the 7X family SUV.
Zenvo
Denmark's only hypercar maker — hand-building fewer than five cars a year in Præstø since 2009, from the fire-prone ST1 to the centripetal-winged TSR-S and the coming Aurora V12 hybrid.
ZIL
Soviet and Russian state limousine builder (1936–2012) — hand-built Politburo transport, the most exclusive cars ever made behind the Iron Curtain.